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- MEDICINE, Page 86Alzheimer's Clue
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- It may not begin in the brain
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- Alzheimer's disease, among the most horrifying to strike
- the elderly, is also one of the most mysterious. Now scientists
- have found a small but tantalizing clue to its workings. Dr.
- Dennis J. Selkoe, co-director of the Center for Neurologic
- Diseases at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital, led a team
- of researchers that detected deposits of beta amyloid protein,
- long associated with Alzheimer's, in the skin, blood vessels and
- intestines of patients with the disorder. Previously the beta
- amyloid had been found only in the brains of Alzheimer's
- victims. The study, reported in last week's Nature, suggests
- that Alzheimer's may not begin in the brain, as has generally
- been assumed. This new knowledge could lead to a practical skin
- test for detecting the disease and may eventually help
- scientists learn how to prevent it.
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- The most common cause of dementia in the elderly,
- Alzheimer's killed some 100,000 Americans last year and afflicts
- 2.5 million with what has been called the death of the mind.
- Symptoms include severe loss of memory and personality changes
- that range from angry outbursts to withdrawal and depression.
- Diagnosis -- at best tentative -- has been possible only through
- a process of eliminating other brain ailments that could cause
- similar symptoms.
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- The brains of victims characteristically contain plaques
- that include the beta amyloid, but its presence can only be
- confirmed after death. Whether it helps cause the brain
- degeneration or is a by-product is not clear. But if the beta
- amyloid is the cause, then the Boston research could represent
- a turning point. The study suggests that the suspect chemical
- may be produced in one or more tissues outside the brain,
- circulate in the bloodstream and enter various other tissues.
- But damage seems to occur only when the beta amyloid is
- deposited in certain regions of the brain important to memory
- and intellect. If that is true, then a way might be found to
- block the delivery of the protein to the brain. That could slow
- down -- or even halt -- Alzheimer's.
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